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Consensus Research

Ripple researches both the theoretical and the practical limits of the XRP Ledger's consensus protocols, and explores other ideas in the same space. The following table lists scholarly articles published by Ripple:

DateTitleAuthorsSummary
2018-02-20Cobalt: BFT Governance in Open NetworksMacBroughIntroduces a novel atomic broadcast algorithm called Cobalt that allows more flexibility in consensus UNLs.
2018-02-20Analysis of the XRP Ledger Consensus ProtocolChase, MacBroughA detailed and updated analysis of the XRP Ledger consensus algorithm and its safety and liveness properties.
2014The Ripple Protocol Consensus AlgorithmSchwartz, Youngs, BrittoIntroduces the consensus algorithm behind the XRP Ledger.