subscribe

The subscribe method requests periodic notifications from the server when certain events happen.

Request Format

An example of the request format:

The request includes the following parameters:

`Field`	Type	Description
`streams`	Array	(Optional) Array of string names of generic streams to subscribe to, as explained below
`accounts`	Array	(Optional) Array with the unique addresses of accounts to monitor for validated transactions. The addresses must be in the XRP Ledger's base58 format. The server sends a notification for any transaction that affects at least one of these accounts.
`accounts_proposed`	Array	(Optional) Like `accounts`, but include transactions that are not yet finalized.
`books`	Array	(Optional) Array of objects defining order books to monitor for updates, as detailed below.
`url`	String	(Optional for Websocket; Required otherwise) URL where the server sends a JSON-RPC callbacks for each event. Admin-only.
`url_username`	String	(Optional) Username to provide for basic authentication at the callback URL.
`url_password`	String	(Optional) Password to provide for basic authentication at the callback URL.

The following parameters are deprecated and may be removed without further notice: user, password, rt_accounts.

The streams parameter provides access to the following default streams of information:

book_changes - Sends a message with order book changes whenever the consensus process declares a new validated ledger.
consensus - Sends a message whenever the server changes phase in the consensus cycle.
ledger - Sends a message whenever the consensus process declares a new validated ledger.
manifests - Sends a message whenever the server receives an update to a validator's ephemeral signing key.
peer_status - (Admin only) Information about connected peer rippled servers, especially with regards to the consensus process.
transactions - Sends a message whenever a transaction is included in a closed ledger.
transactions_proposed - Sends a message whenever a transaction is included in a closed ledger, as well as some transactions that have not yet been included in a validated ledger and may never be. Not all proposed transactions appear before validation.
Note
Even some transactions that don't succeed are included in validated ledgers, because they take the anti-spam transaction fee.
server - Sends a message whenever the status of the rippled server (for example, network connectivity) changes.
validations - Sends a message whenever the server receives a validation message, regardless of if the server trusts the validator. (An individual rippled declares a ledger validated when the server receives validation messages from at least a quorum of trusted validators.)

Note

The following streams are not available from Clio and rippled servers in Reporting Mode: server, peer_status, consensus. Both will return the reportingUnsupported error if you request one of these streams.

Each member of the books array, if provided, is an object with the following fields:

`Field`	Type	Description
`taker_gets`	Object	Specification of which currency the account taking the Offer would receive, as a currency object with no amount.
`taker_pays`	Object	Specification of which currency the account taking the Offer would pay, as a currency object with no amount.
`taker`	String	Unique account address to use as a perspective for viewing offers, in the XRP Ledger's base58 format. (This affects the funding status and fees of Offers.)
`snapshot`	Boolean	(Optional) If `true`, return the current state of the order book once when you subscribe before sending updates. The default is `false`.
`both`	Boolean	(Optional) If `true`, return both sides of the order book. The default is `false`.

Response Format

An example of a successful response:

{
  "id": "Example watch Bitstamp's hot wallet",
  "status": "success",
  "type": "response",
  "result": {}
}

The response follows the standard format. The fields contained in the response vary depending on what subscriptions were included in the request.

accounts and accounts_proposed - No fields returned.
Stream: server - Information about the server status, such as load_base (the current load level of the server), random (a randomly-generated value), and others, subject to change.
Stream: transactions, Stream: transactions_proposed, Stream: validations, and Stream: consensus - No fields returned.
Stream: ledger - Information about the ledgers on hand and current fee schedule. This includes the same fields as a ledger stream message, except that it omits the type and txn_count fields.
books - No fields returned by default. If "snapshot": true is set in the request, returns offers (an array of offer definition objects defining the order book).

Possible Errors

Any of the universal error types.
invalidParams - One or more fields are specified incorrectly, or one or more required fields are missing.
noPermission - The request included the url field, but you are not connected as an admin.
unknownStream - One or more the members of the streams field of the request is not a valid stream name.
malformedStream - The streams field of the request is not formatted properly.
malformedAccount - One of the addresses in the accounts or accounts_proposed fields of the request is not a properly-formatted XRP Ledger address. (Note:: You can subscribe to the stream of an address that does not yet have an entry in the global ledger to get a message when that address becomes funded.)
srcCurMalformed - One or more taker_pays sub-fields of the books field in the request is not formatted properly.
dstAmtMalformed - One or more taker_gets sub-fields of the books field in the request is not formatted properly.
srcIsrMalformed - The issuer field of one or more taker_pays sub-fields of the books field in the request is not valid.
dstIsrMalformed - The issuer field of one or more taker_gets sub-fields of the books field in the request is not valid.
badMarket - One or more desired order books in the books field does not exist; for example, offers to exchange a currency for itself.

When you subscribe to a particular stream, you receive periodic responses on that stream until you unsubscribe or close the WebSocket connection. The content of those responses depends on what you subscribed to. Here are some examples:

Ledger Stream

The ledger stream only sends ledgerClosed messages when the consensus process declares a new validated ledger. The message identifies the ledger and provides some information about its contents.

{
  "type": "ledgerClosed",
  "fee_base": 10,
  "fee_ref": 10,
  "ledger_hash": "687F604EF6B2F67319E8DCC8C66EF49D84D18A1E18F948421FC24D2C7C3DB464",
  "ledger_index": 7125358,
  "ledger_time": 455751310,
  "reserve_base": 20000000,
  "reserve_inc": 5000000,
  "txn_count": 7,
  "validated_ledgers": "32570-7125358"
}

The fields from a ledger stream message are as follows:

`Field`	Type	Description
`type`	String	`ledgerClosed` indicates this is from the ledger stream
`fee_base`	Number	The reference transaction cost as of this ledger version, in drops of XRP. If this ledger version includes a SetFee pseudo-transaction the new transaction cost applies starting with the following ledger version.
`fee_ref`	Number	(May be omitted) The reference transaction cost in "fee units". If the XRPFees amendment is enabled, this field is permanently omitted as it will no longer be relevant.
`ledger_hash`	String - Hash	The identifying hash of the ledger version that was closed.
`ledger_index`	Number - Ledger Index	The ledger index of the ledger that was closed.
`ledger_time`	Number	The time this ledger was closed, in seconds since the Ripple Epoch
`reserve_base`	Number	The minimum reserve, in drops of XRP, that is required for an account. If this ledger version includes a SetFee pseudo-transaction the new base reserve applies starting with the following ledger version.
`reserve_inc`	Number	The owner reserve for each object an account owns in the ledger, in drops of XRP. If the ledger includes a SetFee pseudo-transaction the new owner reserve applies after this ledger.
`txn_count`	Number	Number of new transactions included in this ledger version.
`validated_ledgers`	String	(May be omitted) Range of ledgers that the server has available. This may be a disjoint sequence such as `24900901-24900984,24901116-24901158`. This field is not returned if the server is not connected to the network, or if it is connected but has not yet obtained a ledger from the network.

Validations Stream

The validations stream sends messages whenever it receives validation messages, also called validation votes, regardless of whether or not the validation message is from a trusted validator. The message looks like the following:

{
    "type": "validationReceived",
    "amendments":[
        "42426C4D4F1009EE67080A9B7965B44656D7714D104A72F9B4369F97ABF044EE",
        "4C97EBA926031A7CF7D7B36FDE3ED66DDA5421192D63DE53FFB46E43B9DC8373",
        "6781F8368C4771B83E8B821D88F580202BCB4228075297B19E4FDC5233F1EFDC",
        "C1B8D934087225F509BEB5A8EC24447854713EE447D277F69545ABFA0E0FD490",
        "DA1BD556B42D85EA9C84066D028D355B52416734D3283F85E216EA5DA6DB7E13"
    ],
    "base_fee":10,
    "flags":2147483649,
    "full":true,
    "ledger_hash":"EC02890710AAA2B71221B0D560CFB22D64317C07B7406B02959AD84BAD33E602",
    "ledger_index":"6",
    "load_fee":256000,
    "master_key": "nHUon2tpyJEHHYGmxqeGu37cvPYHzrMtUNQFVdCgGNvEkjmCpTqK",
    "reserve_base":20000000,
    "reserve_inc":5000000,
    "signature":"3045022100E199B55643F66BC6B37DBC5E185321CF952FD35D13D9E8001EB2564FFB94A07602201746C9A4F7A93647131A2DEB03B76F05E426EC67A5A27D77F4FF2603B9A528E6",
    "signing_time":515115322,
    "validation_public_key":"n94Gnc6svmaPPRHUAyyib1gQUov8sYbjLoEwUBYPH39qHZXuo8ZT"
}

The fields from a validations stream message are as follows:

`Field`	Type	Description
`type`	String	The value `validationReceived` indicates this is from the validations stream.
`amendments`	Array of Strings	(May be omitted) The amendments this server wants to be added to the protocol.
`base_fee`	Integer	(May be omitted) The unscaled transaction cost (`reference_fee` value) this server wants to set by Fee Voting.
`cookie`	String - Number	(May be omitted) An arbitrary value chosen by the server at startup. If the same validation key pair signs validations with different cookies concurrently, that usually indicates that multiple servers are incorrectly configured to use the same validation key pair.
`flags`	Number	Bit-mask of flags added to this validation message. The flag `0x80000000` indicates that the validation signature is fully-canonical. The flag `0x00000001` indicates that this is a full validation; otherwise it's a partial validation. Partial validations are not meant to vote for any particular ledger. A partial validation indicates that the validator is still online but not keeping up with consensus.
`full`	Boolean	If `true`, this is a full validation. Otherwise, this is a partial validation. Partial validations are not meant to vote for any particular ledger. A partial validation indicates that the validator is still online but not keeping up with consensus.
`ledger_hash`	String	The identifying hash of the proposed ledger is being validated.
`ledger_index`	String - Number	The Ledger Index of the proposed ledger.
`load_fee`	Integer	(May be omitted) The local load-scaled transaction cost this validator is currently enforcing, in fee units.
`master_key`	String	(May be omitted) The validator's master public key, if the validator is using a validator token, in the XRP Ledger's base58 format. (See also: Enable Validation on your `rippled` Server.)
`reserve_base`	Integer	(May be omitted) The minimum reserve requirement (`account_reserve` value) this validator wants to set by Fee Voting.
`reserve_inc`	Integer	(May be omitted) The increment in the reserve requirement (`owner_reserve` value) this validator wants to set by Fee Voting.
`server_version`	String - Number	(May be omitted) An 64-bit integer that encodes the version number of the validating server. For example, `"1745990410175512576"`. Only provided once every 256 ledgers.
`signature`	String	The signature that the validator used to sign its vote for this ledger.
`signing_time`	Number	When this validation vote was signed, in seconds since the Ripple Epoch.
`validated_hash`	String	The unique hash of the proposed ledger this validation applies to.
`validation_public_key`	String	The public key from the key-pair that the validator used to sign the message, in the XRP Ledger's base58 format. This identifies the validator sending the message and can also be used to verify the `signature`. If the validator is using a token, this is an ephemeral public key.

Transaction Streams

Many subscriptions result in messages about transactions, including the following:

The transactions stream
The transactions_proposed stream
accounts subscriptions
accounts_proposed subscriptions
book (Order Book) subscriptions

The transactions_proposed stream, strictly speaking, is a superset of the transactions stream: it includes all validated transactions, as well as some suggested transactions that have not yet been included in a validated ledger and may never be. You can identify these "in-flight" transactions by their fields:

The validated field is missing or has a value of false.
There is no meta or metadata field.
Instead of ledger_hash and ledger_index fields specifying in which ledger version the transactions were finalized, there is a ledger_current_index field specifying in which ledger version they are currently proposed.

Otherwise, the messages from the transactions_proposed stream are the same as ones from the transactions stream.

Since the only thing that can modify an account or an order book is a transaction, the messages that are sent as a result of subscribing to particular accounts or books also take the form of transaction messages, the same as the ones in the transactions stream. The only difference is that you only receive messages for transactions that affect the accounts or order books you're watching.

The accounts_proposed subscription works the same way, except it also includes unconfirmed transactions, like the transactions_proposed stream, for the accounts you're watching.

{
  "status": "closed",
  "type": "transaction",
  "engine_result": "tesSUCCESS",
  "engine_result_code": 0,
  "engine_result_message": "The transaction was applied.",
  "ledger_hash": "989AFBFD65D820C6BD85301B740F5D592F060668A90EEF5EC1815EBA27D58FE8",
  "ledger_index": 7125442,
  "meta": {
    "AffectedNodes": [
      {
        "ModifiedNode": {
          "FinalFields": {
            "Flags": 0,
            "IndexPrevious": "0000000000000000",
            "Owner": "rRh634Y6QtoqkwTTrGzX66UYoCAvgE6jL",
            "RootIndex": "ABD8CE2D1205D0C062876E9E1F3CBDC902ED8EF4E8D3D071B962C7ED0E113E68"
          },
          "LedgerEntryType": "DirectoryNode",
          "LedgerIndex": "0BBDEE7D0BE120F7BF27640B5245EBFE0C5FD5281988BA823C44477A70262A4D"
        }
      },
      {
        "DeletedNode": {
          "FinalFields": {
            "Account": "rRh634Y6QtoqkwTTrGzX66UYoCAvgE6jL",
            "BookDirectory": "892E892DC63D8F70DCF5C9ECF29394FF7DD3DC6F47DB8EB34A03920BFC5E99BE",
            "BookNode": "0000000000000000",
            "Flags": 0,
            "OwnerNode": "000000000000006E",
            "PreviousTxnID": "58A17D95770F8D07E08B81A85896F4032A328B6C2BDCDEC0A00F3EF3914DCF0A",
            "PreviousTxnLgrSeq": 7125330,
            "Sequence": 540691,
            "TakerGets": "4401967683",
            "TakerPays": {
              "currency": "BTC",
              "issuer": "rNPRNzBB92BVpAhhZr4iXDTveCgV5Pofm9",
              "value": "0.04424"
            }
          },
          "LedgerEntryType": "Offer",
          "LedgerIndex": "386B7803A9210747941B0D079BB408F31ACB1CB98832184D0287A1CBF4FE6D00"
        }
      },
      {
        "DeletedNode": {
          "FinalFields": {
            "ExchangeRate": "4A03920BFC5E99BE",
            "Flags": 0,
            "RootIndex": "892E892DC63D8F70DCF5C9ECF29394FF7DD3DC6F47DB8EB34A03920BFC5E99BE",
            "TakerGetsCurrency": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
            "TakerGetsIssuer": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
            "TakerPaysCurrency": "0000000000000000000000004254430000000000",
            "TakerPaysIssuer": "92D705968936C419CE614BF264B5EEB1CEA47FF4"
          },
          "LedgerEntryType": "DirectoryNode",
          "LedgerIndex": "892E892DC63D8F70DCF5C9ECF29394FF7DD3DC6F47DB8EB34A03920BFC5E99BE"
        }
      },
      {
        "ModifiedNode": {
          "FinalFields": {
            "Account": "rRh634Y6QtoqkwTTrGzX66UYoCAvgE6jL",
            "Balance": "11133297300",
            "Flags": 0,
            "OwnerCount": 9,
            "Sequence": 540706
          },
          "LedgerEntryType": "AccountRoot",
          "LedgerIndex": "A6C2532E1008A513B3F822A92B8E5214BD0D413DC20AD3631C1A39AD6B36CD07",
          "PreviousFields": {
            "Balance": "11133297310",
            "OwnerCount": 10,
            "Sequence": 540705
          },
          "PreviousTxnID": "484D57DFC4E446DA83B4540305F0CE836D4E007361542EC12CC0FFB5F0A1BE3A",
          "PreviousTxnLgrSeq": 7125358
        }
      }
    ],
    "TransactionIndex": 1,
    "TransactionResult": "tesSUCCESS"
  },
  "transaction": {
    "Account": "rRh634Y6QtoqkwTTrGzX66UYoCAvgE6jL",
    "Fee": "10",
    "Flags": 2147483648,
    "OfferSequence": 540691,
    "Sequence": 540705,
    "SigningPubKey": "030BB49C591C9CD65C945D4B78332F27633D7771E6CF4D4B942D26BA40748BB8B4",
    "TransactionType": "OfferCancel",
    "TxnSignature": "30450221008223604A383F3AED25D53CE7C874700619893A6EEE4336508312217850A9722302205E0614366E174F2DFF78B879F310DB0B3F6DA1967E52A32F65E25DCEC622CD68",
    "date": 455751680,
    "hash": "94CF924C774DFDBE474A2A7E40AEA70E7E15D130C8CBEF8AF1D2BE97A8269F14"
  },
  "validated": true
}

Transaction stream messages have the following fields:

`Field`	Type	Description
`type`	String	`transaction` indicates this is the notification of a transaction, which could come from several possible streams.
`engine_result`	String	String Transaction result code
`engine_result_code`	Number	Numeric transaction response code, if applicable.
`engine_result_message`	String	Human-readable explanation for the transaction response
`ledger_current_index`	Number - Ledger Index	(Unvalidated transactions only) The ledger index of the current in-progress ledger version for which this transaction is currently proposed.
`ledger_hash`	String - Hash	(Validated transactions only) The identifying hash of the ledger version that includes this transaction
`ledger_index`	Number - Ledger Index	(Validated transactions only) The ledger index of the ledger version that includes this transaction.
`meta`	Object	(Validated transactions only) The transaction metadata, which shows the exact outcome of the transaction in detail.
`transaction`	Object	The definition of the transaction in JSON format
`validated`	Boolean	If `true`, this transaction is included in a validated ledger and its outcome is final. Responses from the `transaction` stream should always be validated.

Peer Status Stream

The admin-only peer_status stream reports a large amount of information on the activities of other rippled servers to which this server is connected, in particular their status in the consensus process.

Example of a Peer Status stream message:

{
    "action": "CLOSING_LEDGER",
    "date": 508546525,
    "ledger_hash": "4D4CD9CD543F0C1EF023CC457F5BEFEA59EEF73E4552542D40E7C4FA08D3C320",
    "ledger_index": 18853106,
    "ledger_index_max": 18853106,
    "ledger_index_min": 18852082,
    "type": "peerStatusChange"
}

Peer Status stream messages represent some event where the status of the peer rippled server changed. These messages are JSON objects with the following fields:

`Field`	Value	Description
`type`	String	`peerStatusChange` indicates this comes from the Peer Status stream.
`action`	String	The type of event that prompted this message. See Peer Status Events for possible values.
`date`	Number	The time this event occurred, in seconds since the Ripple Epoch.
`ledger_hash`	String	(May be omitted) The identifying Hash of a ledger version to which this message pertains.
`ledger_index`	Number	(May be omitted) The Ledger Index of a ledger version to which this message pertains.
`ledger_index_max`	Number	(May be omitted) The largest Ledger Index the peer has currently available.
`ledger_index_min`	Number	(May be omitted) The smallest Ledger Index the peer has currently available.

Peer Status Events

The action field of a Peer Status stream message can have the following values:

`Value`	Meaning
`CLOSING_LEDGER`	The peer closed a ledger version with this Ledger Index, which usually means it is about to start consensus.
`ACCEPTED_LEDGER`	The peer built this ledger version as the result of a consensus round. Note: This ledger is still not certain to become immutably validated.
`SWITCHED_LEDGER`	The peer concluded it was not following the rest of the network and switched to a different ledger version.
`LOST_SYNC`	The peer fell behind the rest of the network in tracking which ledger versions are validated and which are undergoing consensus.

Order Book Streams

When you subscribe to one or more order books with the books field, you get back any transactions that affect those order books.

Example order book stream message:

{
    "engine_result": "tesSUCCESS",
    "engine_result_code": 0,
    "engine_result_message": "The transaction was applied. Only final in a validated ledger.",
    "ledger_hash": "08547DD866F099CCB3666F113116B7AA2DF520FA2E3011DD1FF9C9C04A6C7C3E",
    "ledger_index": 18852105,
    "meta": {
        "AffectedNodes": [{
            "ModifiedNode": {
                "FinalFields": {
                    "Account": "rfCFLzNJYvvnoGHWQYACmJpTgkLUaugLEw",
                    "AccountTxnID": "D295E2BE50E3B78AED24790D7B9096996DAF43F095BF17DB83EEACC283D14050",
                    "Balance": "3070332374272",
                    "Flags": 0,
                    "OwnerCount": 23,
                    "RegularKey": "r9S56zu6QeJD5d8A7QMfLAeYavgB9dhaX4",
                    "Sequence": 12142921
                },
                "LedgerEntryType": "AccountRoot",
                "LedgerIndex": "2880A9B4FB90A306B576C2D532BFE390AB3904642647DCF739492AA244EF46D1",
                "PreviousFields": {
                    "AccountTxnID": "3CA3422B0E42D76A7A677B0BA0BE72DFCD93676E0C80F8D2EB27C04BD8457A0F",
                    "Balance": "3070332385272",
                    "Sequence": 12142920
                },
                "PreviousTxnID": "3CA3422B0E42D76A7A677B0BA0BE72DFCD93676E0C80F8D2EB27C04BD8457A0F",
                "PreviousTxnLgrSeq": 18852102
            }
        }, {
            "ModifiedNode": {
                "FinalFields": {
                    "Flags": 0,
                    "IndexPrevious": "00000000000022D2",
                    "Owner": "rfCFLzNJYvvnoGHWQYACmJpTgkLUaugLEw",
                    "RootIndex": "F435FBBEC9654204D7151A01E686BAA8CB325A472D7B61C7916EA58B59355767"
                },
                "LedgerEntryType": "DirectoryNode",
                "LedgerIndex": "29A543B6681AD7FC8AFBD1386DAE7385F02F9B8C4756A467DF6834AB54BBC9DB"
            }
        }, {
            "ModifiedNode": {
                "FinalFields": {
                    "ExchangeRate": "4C1BA999A513EF78",
                    "Flags": 0,
                    "RootIndex": "79C54A4EBD69AB2EADCE313042F36092BE432423CC6A4F784C1BA999A513EF78",
                    "TakerGetsCurrency": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
                    "TakerGetsIssuer": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
                    "TakerPaysCurrency": "0000000000000000000000005553440000000000",
                    "TakerPaysIssuer": "2ADB0B3959D60A6E6991F729E1918B7163925230"
                },
                "LedgerEntryType": "DirectoryNode",
                "LedgerIndex": "79C54A4EBD69AB2EADCE313042F36092BE432423CC6A4F784C1BA999A513EF78"
            }
        }, {
            "CreatedNode": {
                "LedgerEntryType": "Offer",
                "LedgerIndex": "92E235EE80D2B28A89BEE2C905D4545C2A004FD5D4097679C8A3FB25507FD9EB",
                "NewFields": {
                    "Account": "rfCFLzNJYvvnoGHWQYACmJpTgkLUaugLEw",
                    "BookDirectory": "79C54A4EBD69AB2EADCE313042F36092BE432423CC6A4F784C1BA999A513EF78",
                    "Expiration": 508543674,
                    "OwnerNode": "00000000000022F4",
                    "Sequence": 12142920,
                    "TakerGets": "6537121438",
                    "TakerPays": {
                        "currency": "USD",
                        "issuer": "rhub8VRN55s94qWKDv6jmDy1pUykJzF3wq",
                        "value": "50.9"
                    }
                }
            }
        }, {
            "DeletedNode": {
                "FinalFields": {
                    "Account": "rfCFLzNJYvvnoGHWQYACmJpTgkLUaugLEw",
                    "BookDirectory": "79C54A4EBD69AB2EADCE313042F36092BE432423CC6A4F784C1BA999A513EF78",
                    "BookNode": "0000000000000000",
                    "Expiration": 508543133,
                    "Flags": 0,
                    "OwnerNode": "00000000000022F4",
                    "PreviousTxnID": "58B3279C2D56AAC3D9B06106E637C01E3D911E9D31E2FE4EA0D886AC9F4DEE1E",
                    "PreviousTxnLgrSeq": 18851945,
                    "Sequence": 12142889,
                    "TakerGets": "6537121438",
                    "TakerPays": {
                        "currency": "USD",
                        "issuer": "rhub8VRN55s94qWKDv6jmDy1pUykJzF3wq",
                        "value": "50.9"
                    }
                },
                "LedgerEntryType": "Offer",
                "LedgerIndex": "D3436CE21925E1CB12C5C444963B47D7EA0CD9A0E387926DC76B23FE5CD1C15F"
            }
        }],
        "TransactionIndex": 26,
        "TransactionResult": "tesSUCCESS"
    },
    "status": "closed",
    "transaction": {
        "Account": "rfCFLzNJYvvnoGHWQYACmJpTgkLUaugLEw",
        "Expiration": 508543674,
        "Fee": "11000",
        "Flags": 2147483648,
        "LastLedgerSequence": 18852106,
        "OfferSequence": 12142889,
        "Sequence": 12142920,
        "SigningPubKey": "034841BF24BD72C7CC371EBD87CCBF258D8ADB05C18DE207130364A97D8A3EA524",
        "TakerGets": "6537121438",
        "TakerPays": {
            "currency": "USD",
            "issuer": "rhub8VRN55s94qWKDv6jmDy1pUykJzF3wq",
            "value": "50.9"
        },
        "TransactionType": "OfferCreate",
        "TxnSignature": "3045022100B9AD678A773FB61F8F9B565713C80CBF187A2F9EB8E9CE0DAC7B839CA6F4B04C02200613D173A0636CD9BE13F2E3EBD13A16932B5B7D8A96BB5F6D561CA5CDBC4AD3",
        "date": 508543090,
        "hash": "D295E2BE50E3B78AED24790D7B9096996DAF43F095BF17DB83EEACC283D14050",
        "owner_funds": "3070197374272"
    },
    "type": "transaction",
    "validated": true
}

The format of an order book stream message is the same as that of transaction stream messages, except that OfferCreate transactions also contain the following field:

Field	Value	Description
`transaction.owner_funds`	String	Numeric amount of the `TakerGets` currency that the `Account` sending this OfferCreate transaction has after executing this transaction. This does not check whether the currency amount is frozen.

Book Changes Stream

The book_changes stream sends bookChanges messages whenever a new ledger is validated. This message contains a summary of all changes to order books in the decentralized exchange that occurred in that ledger.

Example bookChanges message:

{
  "type": "bookChanges",
  "ledger_index": 88530525,
  "ledger_hash": "E2F24290E1714C842D34A1057E6D6B7327C7DDD310263AFBC67CA8EFED7A331B",
  "ledger_time": 771099232,
  "changes": [
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rKiCet8SdvWxPXnAgYarFUXMh1zCPz432Y/USD",
      "volume_a": "23020993",
      "volume_b": "11.51049687275246",
      "high": "1999999.935232603",
      "low": "1999999.935232603",
      "open": "1999999.935232603",
      "close": "1999999.935232603"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rRbiKwcueo6MchUpMFDce9XpDwHhRLPFo/43525950544F0000000000000000000000000000",
      "volume_a": "28062",
      "volume_b": "0.000643919229004",
      "high": "43580000.00000882",
      "low": "43580000.00000882",
      "open": "43580000.00000882",
      "close": "43580000.00000882"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rcEGREd8NmkKRE8GE424sksyt1tJVFZwu/5553444300000000000000000000000000000000",
      "volume_a": "147797392",
      "volume_b": "70.41143840513008",
      "high": "2099053.724049922",
      "low": "2099053.724049922",
      "open": "2099053.724049922",
      "close": "2099053.724049922"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rcRzGWq6Ng3jeYhqnmM4zcWcUh69hrQ8V/LTC",
      "volume_a": "350547165",
      "volume_b": "2.165759976556748",
      "high": "162573356.3100158",
      "low": "160134763.7403094",
      "open": "162573356.3100158",
      "close": "160134763.7403094"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rchGBxcD1A1C2tdxF6papQYZ8kjRKMYcL/BTC",
      "volume_a": "352373535",
      "volume_b": "0.00249291478138912",
      "high": "1413500174054660e-4",
      "low": "1413499999999996e-4",
      "open": "1413500174054660e-4",
      "close": "1413499999999996e-4"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rcvxE9PS9YBwxtGg1qNeewV6ZB3wGubZq/5553445400000000000000000000000000000000",
      "volume_a": "8768045",
      "volume_b": "4.193604075536",
      "high": "2090813.734932601",
      "low": "2090813.734932601",
      "open": "2090813.734932601",
      "close": "2090813.734932601"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "XRP_drops",
      "currency_b": "rhub8VRN55s94qWKDv6jmDy1pUykJzF3wq/USD",
      "volume_a": "28113",
      "volume_b": "0.013405652999",
      "high": "2097100.380123005",
      "low": "2097100.380123005",
      "open": "2097100.380123005",
      "close": "2097100.380123005"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "r3dVizzUAS3U29WKaaSALqkieytA2LCoRe/58434F5245000000000000000000000000000000",
      "currency_b": "rcoreNywaoz2ZCQ8Lg2EbSLnGuRBmun6D/434F524500000000000000000000000000000000",
      "volume_a": "75.626516003375",
      "volume_b": "63.022096669479",
      "high": "1.200000000000003",
      "low": "1.200000000000003",
      "open": "1.200000000000003",
      "close": "1.200000000000003"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "rKiCet8SdvWxPXnAgYarFUXMh1zCPz432Y/CNY",
      "currency_b": "rKiCet8SdvWxPXnAgYarFUXMh1zCPz432Y/USD",
      "volume_a": "83.9115222024",
      "volume_b": "11.51049687275",
      "high": "7.290000000004561",
      "low": "7.290000000004561",
      "open": "7.290000000004561",
      "close": "7.290000000004561"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "rcRzGWq6Ng3jeYhqnmM4zcWcUh69hrQ8V/LTC",
      "currency_b": "rchGBxcD1A1C2tdxF6papQYZ8kjRKMYcL/BTC",
      "volume_a": "0.64167647147626",
      "volume_b": "0.00073047551165797",
      "high": "878.4366638381051",
      "low": "878.4366638381051",
      "open": "878.4366638381051",
      "close": "878.4366638381051"
    },
    {
      "currency_a": "rhub8VRN55s94qWKDv6jmDy1pUykJzF3wq/USD",
      "currency_b": "rvYAfWj5gh67oV6fW32ZzP3Aw4Eubs59B/USD",
      "volume_a": "0.013432464305",
      "volume_b": "0.013566788948",
      "high": "0.9900990099046391",
      "low": "0.9900990099046391",
      "open": "0.9900990099046391",
      "close": "0.9900990099046391"
    }
  ]
}

The fields from a Book Changes stream message are as follows:

Field	Value	Description
`type`	String	The value `bookChanges` indicates this is from the Book Changes stream.
`ledger_index`	Ledger Index	The ledger index of the ledger with these changes.
`ledger_hash`	Hash	The identifying hash of the ledger with these changes.
`ledger_time`	Number	The official close time of the ledger with these changes, in seconds since the Ripple Epoch.
`changes`	Array	List of Book Update Objects, containing one entry for each order book that was updated in this ledger version. The array is empty if no order books were updated.

Consensus Stream

The consensus stream sends consensusPhase messages when the consensus process changes phase. The message contains the new phase of consensus the server is in.

{
  "type": "consensusPhase",
  "consensus": "accepted"
}

The fields from a consensus stream message are as follows:

Field	Type	Description
`type`	String	The value `consensusPhase` indicates this is from the consensus stream
`consensus`	String	The new consensus phase the server is in. Possible values are `open`, `establish`, and `accepted`.